![]() ![]() There are no shear forces between layers, or frictional forces between layers or any surfaces with which they may come in contact. is non-viscous meaning that it has no frictional forces opposing motion.has constant pressure, acting equally in all directions.has constant density and is incompressible.We can idealize and simplify the flow of a fluid as the movement of layers sliding over each other (like playing cards sliding over each other), without any movement of fluid between those layers. Most stars are in hydrostatic equilibrium because the inwards gravitational attraction between the particles is opposed by the outwards pressure of the hot gases and radiation.The Earth’s atmosphere (as a whole) is in hydrostatic equilibrium because pressure differences cross the atmosphere are balancing the effects of gravity on the air.A floating boat will be in a state of hydrostatic equilibrium if it is balanced by pressure differences in the water.This will occur when forces are balanced by differences in pressure. This is the basis of hydraulic machinery.Ī fluid is in hydrostatic equilibrium if it is either at rest or if any parts of it that are moving have a constant velocity. If different parts of the liquid are at different heights, however, this will result in additional differences in pressure, which may or may not be significant. This is Archimedes’ principle.īecause any liquid is incompressible (its volume cannot be reduced) and its molecular motions are random, we can state that a pressure exerted anywhere in an enclosed static liquid will be transferred equally to all other parts of the liquid. ![]() Thus, when an object is wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upthrust (buoyancy force) equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. The equation shows that, for a given fluid, the pressure depends only on depth (assuming we are referring only to locations where g is constant). ![]() This equation can be applied to any static fluid in any shaped container, or no container. Where P is pressure, F is the force applied, and A is the area of the object in which the force is applied upon. Where ρ is density, m is mass, and V is volume. In the CGS system, the unit (η) is measured in poise.See the guide for this topic. The SI unit of viscosity coefficient is N sm –2 (newton second per square meter). Viscosity is expressed in terms of the coefficient of viscosity, ‘η’ (Eta).Laminar flow of a liquid (fluid) through a tube/pipe Hence, a velocity gradient exists across the cross-section of the tube. This is a result of the viscosity of a liquid. ![]()
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